When a cargo arrives off-specification, an argument begins that nobody wins: the buyer wants an allowance, the seller maintains the goods left in order, and the cargo itself sits at the port accruing demurrage.
The alternative is simpler
The specification is written down before anything is signed — protein, moisture, purity, packing — and the goods are inspected at loading by an independent surveyor both sides accept. The inspection certificate becomes part of the payment documents.
The cost is a fraction of one per cent of the cargo. A single dispute costs many times that, and losing a customer costs more than both.
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